敌敌畏及其代谢产物对青海弧菌和秀丽线虫的联合毒性

实际环境中农药与其代谢产物常常共存, 农药和代谢产物之间的联合毒性(协同或拮抗)直接影响农药的环境风险评估. 农药敌敌畏(A)在环境中主要有三种代谢产物(二氯乙醇(B)、二氯乙酸(C)、磷酸二甲酯(D)), 在不同环境条件下其浓度组成有多种变化, 与敌敌畏形成多种混合物. 本文应用优化实验设计方法从中优选5条具有不同浓度配比的混合物射线, 选择水生生物青海弧菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)和土壤生物秀丽线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)为受试生物, 通过微板毒性分析方法测试母体A及其代谢产物B、C、D以及它们的混合物射线在不同暴露时间及不同浓度水平下对青海弧菌的发光抑制毒性和对秀丽线虫的致死毒性, 应用含95%观测置信区间的组合指数评估各混合物射线在不同暴露时间下联合毒性随混合物浓度水平的变化. 结果表明: 对青海弧菌, 母体A及2个代谢产物C和D对Q67的发光抑制毒性不随时间变化而变化, 但代谢产物B在12 h的毒性显著大于0.25 h, 且母体A无论在哪个暴露时间其毒性都大于代谢产物. 对秀丽线虫, A与B、C及D的致死毒性不随时间而变化. A、C及D的毒性基本相同, 且均显著大于B. 5条混合物射线在不同浓度水平下, 在12 h对青海弧菌的发光抑制毒性显著大于0.25 h. 无论在0.25 h或12 h, 混合物射线对青海弧菌的联合毒性均是低浓度加和与高浓度拮抗. 对于秀丽线虫, 5条射线的毒性均不随时间而变化. 在2个时间点的联合毒性除射线R2和R5具有轻微拮抗外, 其它都是浓度加和.     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中3种短裸甲藻毒素

建立了同时测定贝类中3种短裸甲藻毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品采用丙酮提取、C18固相萃取柱净化;以5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0. 1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相,ACQUITYTMUPLC BEH C18色谱柱进行分离,在多反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,3种目标物在1. 0～100μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)不小于0. 996,方法定量下限为3. 0μg/kg,回收率为80. 0%～87. 5%,相对标准偏差为1. 3%～5. 4%。该方法前处理简单,灵敏度高,稳定性好,适用于贝类中3种短裸甲藻毒素的同时测定。     

Two Zinc(II)/Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Constructed by Semirigid Carboxylic Acid Ligand: Syntheses,Structures, and Photoluminescence Properties

Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry - Two new coordination polymers {[Zn(HL)(HBpp)] · H2O}n (I) and [Cd(HL)(HBpe)]n (II) (H4L = 5-(2,3-dicarboxy phenoxy) isophthalic acid, Bpp =...     

Crystal structure of the flagellin protein FlaG from Helicobacter pylori

Flagella, comprising flagellin proteins, are essential virulence factors for Helicobacter pylori to colonize human stomach mucosa. The flagellin‐associated flaG operon of H. pylori consists of the flaG, fliD, and fliS genes under the control of a σ²⁸‐dependent promoter. The flaG gene is involved in chemotaxis and motility. We cloned, expressed, and purified the H. pylori flaG gene encoding the flagellin protein HpFlaG. Sequence alignment revealed that HpFlaG exhibits low sequence identity with other FlaG proteins. Overall, N‐terminal sequences of FlaG proteins are mostly divergent, and C‐terminal regions might be important for dimer interactions between protein subunits. Here, we report the crystal structure of the N‐terminal truncated protein (NT‐HpFlaG), as determined by multiwavelength anomalous dispersion at a resolution of 2.7 å. The overall structure of NT‐HpFlaG consists of two helices and three strands, folded into a palm‐like conformation. Two monomers strongly interact as a dimer by hydrophobic coiled‐coil interactions. Based on our structure, we suggest that the functional state of HpFlaG is as a dimer.     

Total Synthesis of (−)‐Cephalotaxine and (−)‐Homoharringtonine via Furan Oxidation–Transannular Mannich Cyclization

Homoharringtonine and its congener cephalotaxine were synthesized. Oxidative ring‐opening of a furan unveils an amine‐tethered dicarbonyl, which undergoes spontaneous transannular Mannich cyclization. The cascade builds the full cephalotaxine substructure in a single operation in 60 % yield. A Noyori reduction enabled synthesis of the title compounds with excellent enantioselectivity (k_rel=278).     

溶胶-凝胶法制备不同锌硅比硅酸锌陶瓷

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同锌硅比的Zn2SiO4陶瓷。红外光谱分析发现其溶胶-凝胶化过程主要依赖于原料中正硅酸乙酯的水解和聚合。研究发现,随着锌硅比从1.6增加到2.0时,粉体的烧结温度在增加。XRD结果表明当锌硅比小于1.9时,陶瓷主晶相是Zn2SiO4,同时存在有少量的SiO2相,大于和等于1.9时出现了ZnO相。微波介电性能的研究结果表明,随着锌硅比的增加,介电常数略有增加;品质因子先增加后减小。当锌硅比等于1.8时,陶瓷的品质因子达到123000,其介电常数为6.5。     

LED在电学演示实验中的应用

发光二极管(KED)可较广泛地应用于电学演示实验中,其低工作电流、单向导通、多色彩等特点,可弥补小白炽灯泡及检流计的一些不足,使演示实验不仅简便易行,而且演示效果直观,生动。     

提高实验室的管理水平,加强实验室的管理

提高管理水平,加强实验室的管理     

Application of seasonal SVR with chaotic gravitational search algorithm in electricity forecasting

Hybridization chaotic mapping functions with optimization algorithms into a support vector regression model has been shown its efficient potential to avoid converging prematurely. It is deserved to explore more possibility by hybridizing with other optimization algorithms. Electricity demand sometimes demonstrates a seasonal tendency due to complicate economic activities or climate cyclic nature. This investigation presents a SVR-based electricity forecasting model which applied a novel hybrid algorithm, namely chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CGSA), to improve the forecasting performance. The proposed CGSA employs the chaotic local search by logistic chaotic mapping function in the iteration of the original GSA to search and refine the current best solution. In addition, seasonal mechanism is also applied to deal with seasonal electricity tendency. A numerical example from an existed reference is used to illustrate the forecasting performance of the proposed SSVRCGSA model. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed model yields more accurate forecasting results than ARIMA and TF-ε-SVR-SA models.     

Projection method for multiple criteria group decision making with incomplete weight information in linguistic setting

Multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems have become a very active research field over the last decade. Many practical problems are often characterized by MCGDM. The aim of this paper is to develop a new approach for MCGDM problems with incomplete weight information in linguistic setting based on the projection method. Firstly, to reflect the reality accurately, a method to determine the weights of decision makers in linguistic setting is proposed by calculating the degree of similarity between 2-tuple linguistic decision matrix given by each decision maker and the average 2-tuple linguistic decision matrix. By using the weights of decision makers, all individual 2-tuple linguistic decision matrices are aggregated into a collective one. Then, to determine the weight vector of criteria, we establish a non-linear optimization model based on the basic ideal of the projection method, i.e., the optimal alternative should have the largest projection on the 2-tuple linguistic positive ideal solution (TLPIS). Calculate the 2-tuple linguistic projection of each alternative on the TLPIS and rank all the alternatives according to the 2-tuple linguistic projection value. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the calculation process of the proposed method, and the validity is verified by comparing the evaluation results of the proposed method with that of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.